The nuclear program of Iran has been a point of heated debate on the international level for a long period of time. Iran’s diplomatic relations with the global community, regional rivalries, and the role of the Western world have shaped much of its trajectory. This paper aims to relate historical, regional, and global factors to take into account the historical evolution of Iran’s Nuclear Program in the reign of Shah, during the Cold War, post-Cold War, Iran-Iraq war, and efforts of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) in arranging negotiations, and the contemporary challenges faced by Iran. The study also considers the role of major agreements, action plans, and global security concerns in relation to Iran’s Nuclear Program. A critical focus is placed on the implications of Iran’s nuclear program for regional stability, particularly in relation to Gulf countries, whose security perceptions have influenced both diplomatic negotiations and military stance. The paper employs a mixed-methods approach, drawing on official IAEA reports, policy analyses, think-tank publications, and recent developments to provide a comprehensive assessment of risks, motivations, and strategic calculations about the issue. The central argument emphasises that Iran’s nuclear program is not solely a technical or energy issue, but a complex geopolitical challenge embedded in regional rivalries, domestic politics, and great-power competition. The study concludes by outlining a feasible way forward, advocating a combination of transparency, multilateral verification, regional dialogue, and calibrated incentives to achieve long-term stability, prevent proliferation, and create a framework for sustainable coexistence between Iran and the international community.